A PROJECT REPORT
ON
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the diploma in mining engineering
Submitted by
NAME- SURYAKANTA SAHU
REG. –F19159010055
Under the guidance of MR.DHRUTI SUNDAR PRADHAN
Department of the mining engineering government polytechnic, Deogarh
Academic year-2021-2022
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work in this project report & entitled the project of personal protective equipment by Suryakanta Sahu (F19159010055) has been carried out under my supervision in partial fulfilment of requirement for the diploma in mining engineering during session 2021-2022 in department of mining engineering of Government of polytechnic Deogarh and this work is the original work of the above student.
Seal and signature of the guide Seal and signature of the HOD
Mining Engg. Dept.
ABSTRACT
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an equipment worn by workers to protect them from various hazards viz. Fire, chemicals, or physical impact. PPE should only be used when engineering designs and operating or maintenance practices do not provide a sufficiently safe work environment. PPE represents a last line of defence.it always preferable to design a facility so that hazards are not presents, failing that, to ensure that workers cannot be exposed to the hazard. This project provides an overview of different types of PPE, including special clothing and protection for the head, hands, safety footwear and eye protection. Also discussed are respiratory and fall protection.
AKNOWLEGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher and project guide Mr.Dhruti Sundar Pradhan, who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project of business studies on, who also helped me in completing my project. I came to know about so many new things me really thankful to them. Secondly I would also like to me thanks my parents and my friends who helps me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
CONTENT
Particulars page No
Certificate 2
Acknowledgement 3
List of figure 6
Chapter-1
Introduction
How To Choose The Right Mining PPE For Your Needs?
What Is Mining PPE And What Are Its Uses?
Why Is PPE Important For Mining?
Chapter-2
Literature Review
Objective
Chapter-3
Description of PPE and Development of Dummy safety model.
Chapter-4
1. Conclusion
2. Future work
3. Reference
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure No. Figure Name Page No.
1 Gas mask 16
2 Safety helmet 17
3 Safety glasses 18
4 Earplug 19
5 Safety gloves 20
6 Safety boots 21
7 Safety clothes 22
8 Frame work of the smart PPE 24
Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION
Mining is a hazardous occupation that can expose workers risks, including falling debris, flying objects, and harmful chemicals. The presentation on personal protective equipment provides an over view of different types of PPE. Safety rules, information sessions as well as monitoring are all so addressed in the presentation. Employees must be protected from harm. Common method for doing this Engineering controls, work practices, administrative controls and, personal protective equipment (PPE). Sometime one or more is used and at time all are used to provide adequate protection. When only PPE is used, the PPE is the only thing protecting the employee from the danger this unit is discuss basic type of PPE and employer requirement. Personal protective equipment is not a substitute for good engineering or administrative controls or good work practice, but should be used in conjunction with this control to ensure the safety and health of employees.
What Is Mining PPE And What Are Its Uses?
Mining PPE is a type of mining safety equipment that is designed to protect the wearer from potential hazards while working in a mining environment. Some common types of mining PPE include safety glasses, hard hats, and earplugs. Mining PPE can also include items such as respirators and re-r clothing.
While mining PPE is not required by law, many employers require their employees to wear it while working in a mine. This is because mining can occupation, and wearing proper PPE can help reduce the risk of injury or death.
There are many different types and brands of mining PPE available on the market today. It is important to choose the right type of mining PPE f make sure that it fits properly. Wearing mining PPE that does not correctly can actually be more dangerous than not wearing any mining PPE
If you are a miner, or if you work in a mining environment, make sure to wear the proper mining PPE. It could save your life
How To Choose The Right Mining PPE For Your Needs?
When it comes to mining, personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential. After all, there are many different types of mining PPE available on the market, so how do you know which one is right for you? Here are a few factors to making your decision:
The type of mining you will be doing: Different types of mining involve different risks. For example, if you will be working with explosives, PPE that offers protection from explosions and flying debris. The environment you will be working in: Will you be working indoors or outdoors? In a hot climate or a cold one? In a dusty environment or a wet one? Make sure to choose PPE that is appropriate for the conditions you will be working in. Your personal preferences: Some people prefer PPE that is lightweight and comfortable, while others prioritize protection over everything else. Consider your own need and preference when making your decision.
Why Is PPE Important For Mining?
Mining PPE is critical to maintaining a safe and healthy work environment. It helps protect miners from potential injuries, including those cause and trips. Additionally, PPE can help reduce exposure to harmful dusts and chemicals. By wearing the proper mining PPE, miners can help keep their co-workers safe.
Why mining PPE is important?
It can help prevent injuries:
Mining PPE can help protect miners from potential injuries, including those caused by falls, slips and trips. It can reduce exposure to harmful substances: By wearing the proper mining PPE, miners can help reduce their exposure to harmful dusts and chemicals.
It can improve visibility:
Many mining PPE items, such as hard hats and safety glasses, can help improve a miner’s visibility while working.
It can provide respiratory protection: Some mining PPE, such as respirators and dust masks, can help protect miners from harmful airborne pa
It can create a barrier between the skin and dangerous materials: Items like gloves and protective clothing can create a barrier between the skin harmful substa
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Masks are an important part of a miner’s personal protective equipment (PPE). A miner’s mask protects their lungs from harmful dust and fumes.it is an important to choose the right mask for the job, as some masks are better than others at filtering out certain particles.
There are many different types of masks available on the market, so it is important to do some research to find the best one for your needs. Some consider include the type of mining you will be doing, the environment you will be working in, and your own personal preferences.
If you are unsure about which mask to choose, it is always a good idea to consult with a mining safety expert. They will be able to help you select the right precautions, it can be situation.
Remember, your health is important, so make sure you are always wearing the proper PPE when working in a mining environment .Mining is a da with the right precautions, it can be safe. Wearing a mask is one of those precautions. So, next time you see a miner, take a closer look at their m appreciate the safety it provides them.
Chapter-2
This chapter presents a literature survey which have been designed to provide a summary of the earlier investigations involving the areas of interest. It describes the research findings about the various safety equipment and PPE.
Literatures review
Andrei Nikulin, Dmitry Ikonnikov, Iliya Dolzhikov
At the current stage of coal industry development in the Russian Federation, we need to focus on human actions in the industrial environment. The authors consider including the position of a human factor (ergonomics) specialist in the manning table of mining companies. The article reviews approaches to workplace layout and the option of equipping mine workers with smart personal protective equipment (Smart PPE). Technical solutions were proposed to control the use of PPE by employees using a safety helmet as an example.
Adjiski, V., Despodov, Z., Mirakovski, D., & Serafimovski, D. (2019).
As safety at work has become a number one priority in every industry, it is no wonder that new technology and ideas are being tested to improve safety in a variety of workplaces, including, surface and underground mining, construction sites, power plants, factories, etc. Sensor technologies embedded in personal protective equipment (PPE), can be employed to monitor workers’ health, exposure to harmful elements, their proximity to danger zones, etc. This technology connected to smartphones and smart watches can also heighten workers’ awareness by collecting data on the workplace itself, detecting environmental and health hazards.
Chichester, C., Bass, C., Boggess, B., Davis, M., Sanderson, E., & Di Marco G. (2001)
To reduce human casualties associated with demining, a wide range of protective wear has been designed to shield against accidental detonation of antipersonnel (AP) landmines. Injury protection offered by personal protective equipment (PPE) may include, but is not limited to, head/face protection and thorax protection that may offer the potential for substantial defence against fragments, blunt force trauma, burns, and other consequences of mine blasts. In this study, five commercially available PPEs were evaluated. These suits represent a wide range of materials and armour masses. In addition, the PPEs offer varied areas of head, neck, and thorax and extremity coverage.
Mikulic, D. (2013).
Two kinds of machine operator personal protection are introduced. Passive protection refers to conforming to the safety procedures of the machine operator during the very process of demining. Keeping a safe distance from the machine and walking behind the machine provides certain protection from fragmentation mines, but not full protection. Active protection refers to PPE of a machine operator (vest, helmet with visor, footwear). In practice, the level of protection is limited with the capability of machine operator movement. Due to higher equipment weight and fast machine operator weariness, his moveability lapses. This is why less equipment is favoured, but with sufficient resistance to mine threats
Jachowicz, M. (2013).
In industries such as the mining, petro chemistry or power industries, personal protective equipment is often used in explosive atmospheres. What causes the occurrence of explosive hazards is ever-present in the work environment they include, electrostatic phenomena as well as the build-up of electrical charges on the surface of the protective equipment used. This paper presents the results of studies which were aimed at determining the fundamental electrostatic parameters of protective helmets as well as eye and face protection, surface resistance and the voltage of electrostatic fields. Examinations on the typical structure of the above mentioned equipment was conducted including the variable values of ambient humidity, which can occur in the working environment and with the use of various types of materials used to generate a charge. The adopted methods and testing equipment have been presented.
Kilinc, F. S., Monaghan, W. D., & Powell, J. B. (2014).
The mining industry is among the top ten industries nationwide with high occupational injury and fatality rates, and mine rescue response may be considered one of the most hazardous activities in mining operations. In the aftermath of an underground mine fire, explosion or water inundation, specially equipped and trained teams have been sent underground to fight fires, rescue entrapped miners, test atmospheric conditions, investigate the causes of the disaster, or recover the dead. Special personal protective ensembles are used by the team members to improve the protection of rescuers against the hazards of mine rescue and recovery. Personal protective ensembles used by mine rescue teams consist of helmet, cap lamp, hood, gloves, protective clothing, boots, kneepads, facemask, breathing apparatus, belt, and suspenders.
Kowal, B., Wiśniowski, R., Ogrodnik, R., & Młynarczykowska, A. (2019).
Working in the mining industry is associated with many hazards involving various accidents at work and occupational diseases. Due to the specific nature of work performed by miners at development and working faces, the safety of their work is a significant element in the strategies of mining companies. The notion of a safe work environment in hard coal mines in the Polish mining sector is very broad. For the purposes of this article, we focus on selected elements of the work environment, such as medical examinations, occupational health and safety training, personal protective equipment, workwear, meals and drinks, occupational diseases, harmful factors, hardship allowance, and the organisational culture. This article aims to analyse the formal and legal considerations underlying selected elements of a safe work environment in hard coal mines. The analysis is extended to include surveys on employee appreciation for their work and on the need for rewarding safe work. The surveys were carried out among underground workers of two mining companies.
Objective-
To study and understand the different PPE used by Miner’s
To study the advantages of different PPE to escape from different hazardous environment.
To develop a dummy physical safety model.
Chapter -3
This chapter describes about Different PPE and their use & advantages.
There are various types of PPE which are used by miners are listed below
GAS MASK
SAFETY HELMET
SAFETY GLASS
EARPLUG
SAFETY GLOVES
SAFETY BOOTS(GUM BOOT)
SAFETY CLOTHS
The brief Description of Different types of PPE given as follows,
1 .GAS MASK:-
These apparatus are used for respiratory protection for limited period against CO (Noxious gases specially carbon monoxide) in atmosphere that containing not more than 2% CO and not less than 16% of oxygen.
COMMON FETURES OF GASMASK:-
Anhydrous Cacl2 to remove water vapour.
Activated charcoal for removal of acidic gas.
Silica gel to remove ammonia.
Hop Calite – It acts as catalyst which convert CO to CO2.
Cotton wool – To remove dust.
Caustic soda – To remove sulphureted hydrogen.
Figure 1: gas mask
Safety helmet:-
Mining is a dangerous profession. In addition to the inherent Mining risks of working in underground tunnels and around heavy machinery, miners are also susceptible to serious injuries from safety helmet.
There are several different types of mining helmets available on the market, each with its own unique features and benefits. Some of the most p helmets include:
– The Full brim mining helmet: This type of helmet offers 360 degrees of protection and is ideal for use in areas where there is a risk of flying debris or falling objects.
– The Ventilated mining helmet: This type of helmet is designed to keep miners cool and comfortable in hot, humid mining environments. It includes ventilation holes and an adjustable headband to ensure a perfect t.
– The Low-profile mining helmet: This type of helmet is perfect for miners who need to wear hearing protection or respiratory equipment, as it provides clear field of vision while still offering ample protection.
Figure 2: SAFETY HELMET
Hard hats
Hard hats are one of the most essential piece of mining PPE. They protect workers from falling debris and other potential hazards. There are several different types of hard hats available on the market, so it is important to choose one that is specifically designed for mining application.
Safety Glasses:-
Safety Glasses: Safety glasses are another essential piece of mining PPE. They help protect workers from eye injuries, such as dust, debris, and there are several different types of safety glasses available on the market, so it is important to choose a pair that is specifically designed for mining applications.
Figure 3: SAFETY GLASSES
Earplugs
Earplug are an important piece of mining PPE for workers who are exposed to loud noise levels. They help protect workers from hiring loss and other potential health problems. There are several different types of earplugs available on the market, so it is important to choose a pair that is designed for mining applications.
Figure 4: EARPLUG
Safety Gloves
Mining is a dangerous job. It’s important to have the right personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect yourself from injuries. One piece of PP might not think about is safety gloves. But different mining jobs require different types of gloves. For example, someone who works with chemicals might need gloves that are resistant to those chemicals. Others might need gloves that provide a good grip. And still others might need gloves that protect electrical hazards.
There are many different types of mining gloves available on the market. Some companies specialize in mining gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE). Do some research to find the right type of glove for your needs? Some things to consider when choosing mining gloves include:
– The material the glove is made from
– The size of the glove
– The level of protection the glove offers
– Whether the glove is comfortable to wear
Figure: 5 SAFETY GLOVES
Safety boots
Mining is a dangerous profession, and miners need to wear the proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to stay safe while they work. One important of PPE for miners is their safety boots. Safety boots are designed to protect miners from foot injuries, and they come in a variety of styles to suit mining applications.
There are three main types of safety boots that miners wear: metatarsal boots, mining shoes, and rubber boots. Metatarsal boots have a steel and aluminium plate in the upper part of the boot that protects the miner’s metatarsals (the bones in the top of the foot). Mining shoes are similar to work shoe extra reinforcement in high-wear areas like the toe and heel. Rubber boots are waterproof and provide the miner with extra protection from chemical and other liquids that they may come into contact with while working.
Figure: 6 SAFETY BOOTS
Safety clothes
Coal miners wore a variety of protective clothing to shield themselves from the dangers of their job. This clothing included long-sleeved shirts, boots, and helmets. The mining helmet was equipped with a lamp that helped the miner see in the dark tunnels. Some mining companies also provide their workers with respirators to help them breathe in the dusty conditions. Overall, this clothing helped keep the miners safe while they worked.
Despite these safety measures, mining is still a very dangerous profession. Every year, there are reports of miners being injured or killed while o recent years, there have been several high-profile mining accidents that have made headlines around the world. These accidents serve as a rem risks that miners face every day. Mining protective clothing is essential for keeping miners safe, but it is only one part of the safety equation. Mining companies and workers need to remain vigilant in order to ensure a safe work environment.
Figure 7: SAFETY CLOTHES
Chapter-4
Conclusion
The safety of workers is always a top priority in the mining industry. By following the proper protocols and using the correct personal protective miners can reduce their risk of injury or death on the job. Make sure you are familiar with your employer’s safety policies and use PPE when working stay safe and protect yourself from potential hazards. In this project, studied about different safety equipment’s and an attempt has been made to develop a physical dummy safety model for better understanding of the different PPE which is used by miners.
Limitation and Future Work –
A physical dummy safety model developed in this project work. Smart PPE can be incorporated with present work further. In Materials and Methodology most industries, using the term “smart” means in-creasing efficiency and effectiveness, but in the mining industry there is a vital additional ingredient, and that is human safety. The mine of the future must do things in a smarter way in order to reduce costs, lower emissions and increase productivity, while ensuring safety is para-mount. There is a need for a personal safety system that monitors and sends alerts to smartphones for the safety of people on site, provides real-time data, location- specific alerts, health monitoring, improves communication, etc. The system presented in this paper works by making a miner’s personal protective equipment (PPE) “smart”, with embedded sensors on all their PPE which includes: safety glasses, hard hats, miners’ clothing, and also by wearing smart technology gadgets like smartphones and smart watches that can monitor and inform mine personal of potential safety hazards . The most obvious way technology improves safety is through PPE, where smart technology upgrades make what is al-ready standard to all the industries do an even
Figure 8: Frame work of the smart PPE
Reference
Help from internet following website links have been used in the completion of this project file:-
Adjiski, V., Despodov, Z., Mirakovski, D., & Serafimovski, D. (2019). System architecture to bring smart personal protective equipment wearables and sensors to transform safety at work in the underground mining industry. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik, 34(1), 37-44.
Chichester, C., Bass, C., Boggess, B., Davis, M., Sanderson, E., & Di Marco, G. (2001). A test methodology for assessing demining personal protective equipment (PPE). ARMY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS COMMAND FORT BELVOIR VA.
Jachowicz, M. (2013). Electrostatic properties of selected personal protective equipment regarding explosion hazard. Journal of Sustainable Mining, 12(1), 27-33.
Kilinc, F. S., Monaghan, W. D., & Powell, J. B. (2014). A review of mine rescue ensembles for underground coal mining in the United States. Journal of engineered fibers and fabrics, 9(1), 155892501400900120.
Kowal, B., Wiśniowski, R., Ogrodnik, R., & Młynarczykowska, A. (2019). Selected elements of a safe work environment in hard coal mines in the Polish mining sector. Inżynieria Mineralna, 21.
Mikulic, D. (2013). Personal protective equipment. In Design of Demining Machines (pp. 169-178). Springer, London..
Nikulin A., Ikonnikov, D., & Dolzhikov, I. (2019). Smart personal protective equipment in the coal mining industry. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(4), 852-863.
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Subsurface mine hazard & safety By D. S. Pradhan, 2021
. www.anbusafety.com/mining-ppe/
. https://image.app.goo.gl/DCvVWNb48TRNkNiT9
. https://image.goo.gl/m4trtfh5jwhU9ry88
.https..//www.researchgate.net/publication/330514420_system_architecture_to bring smart personal protective equipment and wearable’s sensors to transforms safety at work in the underground mining industry.
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